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BOUDIN, Circuit Judge.
In 1983, in state court in Massachusetts, Sandy Battista (born “David Megarry”) was convicted of the rape of a child, robbery, and kidnapping. After serving that sentence, Battista was involuntarily committed in 2003 in a civil proceeding, Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 123A, 14 (2008), to the Massachusetts Treatment Center for Sexually Dangerous Persons (“Treatment Center”). Such persons are held civilly without limit in time until adjudged safe for release. Id. 9, 14.